Sample statistics exams from my Mathlab Homework Help

1. At a hospital nursing station the following information is available about a patient.
   (a) Name: Jim Wood

(b) Age: 17

(c) Weight: 165 lb

(d) Height: 6’1”

(e) Blood type: A

(f) Temperature: 96.8 °F

(g) Condition: Fair

(h) Date of admission: January 21, 1998

(i) Response to treatment: Excellent

For the information (a) to (i) list the highest level of measurement as ratio, interval,
ordinal, or nominal.

2. What technique for gathering data (sampling, experiment, simulation or census) do you think was used in
   each of the following studies?
   (a) The manager of an automobile repair shop selects a random sample of service records and records the total amount of time each vehicle was in the facility.

(b) The same manager tests a computerized diagnostic machine by comparing its performance on a random

  sample of 20 vehicles with the evaluation of a professional mechanic for the same 20 vehicles.

(c) The same manager surveys every customer who has had a car serviced to determine the quality of the

  customer’s service and the customer’s level of satisfaction with the service.

(d) An automobile manufacturer uses a computer simulation program to test the aerodynamic properties of a

 proposed new automobile body design.

(e) A service manager uses computer software to simulate a new arrangement of automotive workstations to see if the arrangement will provide more efficient service.

3. Describe how you could use a random number table to simulate the experiment of tossing one die 275
   times. The results of tossing a die once can be any of the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
4. What technique (observational study or experiment) for gathering data do you think was used in the
   following study?

In a national forest, 87 deer were caught, tagged, and then released back into the wild. Two weeks later,
62 deer were caught and 43 were found to have tags. From this, it was possible to estimate how many
deer live in the forest.

5. Ticket sales for cultural attractions in a metropolitan area were as follows (in thousands of tickets) Opera: 10; Theater: 45; Symphony: 30; Ballet: 8; Other: 7.

(a) Make a circle graph for this data.

(b) Why is a circle graph a good choice for this data? What other type of graph would be appropriate?

6. Different types of cameras are available to record memories of family, vacations and special moments. A
   survey of 1,000 cameras purchased last year showed that 250 were 35 mm, 260 were disk, 450 were instant and 40 were other types.

(a) Make a bar graph showing the camera types and the volume of sales.

(b) Make a Pareto chart of the same data.

7. The first year students on one floor of a dorm were polled to determine how often they phoned home during the first 8 weeks of the fall term. The results are given below.
8. 8 6 25 4 21 10 1 24 12 4 16
9. 2 12 28 14 17 12 1 16 18 18 3
10. 6 6 12 10 20 9 6 8 6 8 15

(a) Make a stem and leaf display of the data using 2 lines per stem.

(b) What can you say about the frequency of calls home for these first term students?

8. Statistical Abstract of the United States (117th edition) reported the value of computers and peripherals
   produced in the United States. The data (in billions of dollars) is as follows: For 1990, 52.6; for 1991, 49.1;
   for 1992, 54.7; for 1993, 57.9; for 1994, 65.6; for 1995, 81.0.

(a) Organize the data in a table.

(b) Make a time plot of the data.

(c) What does your graph indicate about this data?

9. A survey of students using a new automated telephone registration process identified the following
   complaints about the new system. There were 350 complaints about the line being busy. Lack of advising
   information produced 100 complaints, difficulty in entering course selection codes correctly produced 35 complaints. Difficulty in changing a previous course selection produced 120 complaints.

(a) Make a Pareto chart of this information.

(b) Based on the chart, what suggestions would you make to improve the system and cut down on the number of complaints?

10. If you are creating a frequency polygon based on some data in a frequency table, what information from the frequency table would you use to plot the point representing each class of data?

A. the lower class limit and the class frequency
B. the lower class boundary and the class frequency
C. the class midpoint and class width
D. the class frequency and the upper class boundary
E. the class frequency and the class midpoint

11. Which of the five choices below describes a feature that is true about Pareto charts?

A. The bars in the graph are always displayed in descending order of height from left to right.
B. The bars in the graph can be vertical or horizontal.
C. The bars in the graph always touch.
D. The intervals on the horizontal axis represent equal units of time.
E. Each data value is broken into two parts.

12. Statistical Abstracts (117th edition) reports gasoline excise taxes, in cents per gallon, in the west (mountain region) as follows:

28 26 9 22 19 18 19 24

Find the mean, the median, and the mode of these taxes.

13. In the process of tuna fishing, porpoises are sometimes accidentally caught and killed. A U. S. oceanographic institute wants to study the number of porpoises killed in this way. Records from eight commercial tuna fishing fleets gave the following information about the number of porpoises killed in a
    three month period:
14. 6 18 9 0 15 3 10
    (a) Find the range.
    (b) Find the sample mean.
    (c) Find the sample standard deviation.
15. According to data provided by the Statistical Abstract of the United States (117th edition), the number of daily newspapers in the five states in the midwest has a mean =30.8 with standard deviation =38.3.
    For five states in the Pacific region =61.4 with a standard deviation =19.07.

(a) Compute the coefficient of variation for each region.

(b) Which region has the greater variation in the number of newspapers?

15. From years of experience fishing for trout in the Yellowstone River you know that the mean length of trout you catch is 14.7 inches with standard deviation 1.5 inches.

(a) Use Chebyshev’s Theorem to find an interval for the lengths of trout which will contain the lengths of at least 75% of the fish you catch.

(b) Use Chebyshev’s Theorem to find an interval for the lengths of trout which will contain the lengths of at least 93.8% of the fish you catch.

16. A study was done showing the age distribution of people doing volunteer work for a random sample of 545 volunteers.
    Age 14 – 17 18 – 24 25 – 44 45 – 64 65 – 80
    Frequency 142 125 72 124 82
    (a) Estimate the sample mean age of volunteers.

(b) Estimate the sample standard deviation.

17. In the French class at Eva College a standard weighting is given to the required activities in all sections. These weights are: Final exam: 40%; Midterm: 30%; Attendance: 10%; Language Lab: 20%. Each of the four activities is graded on a 100 point scale. George earned 93 points on the final, 82 points on the
    midterm, 75 points on attendance and 80 points on language lab. Compute his overall average in his French
    class.
18. In one personality assessment test, a group of questions relate to self-acceptance. A random sample of 15 scores on the self-acceptance portion are
    5 20 22 27 30 17 12 15
19. 9 18 13 12 28 19

(a) Compute the five-number summary and the interquartile range.

(b) Make a box-and-whisker plot.

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Submission
In your submitted report, you should address the research questions (shaded yellow below) by
reporting the analyses you are required to carry out (in italics below). To present your analyses and
conclusions you should write a detailed results section and a concise discussion section, using the
same format that would be expected in a journal article (i.e., APA style). There is a 1500-word
limit for this assignment. Independent of the word limit, you may include a maximum of five
tables and/or figures. References are not required but can be included to justify specific analytic
decisions (these will not be included in the word count).
Data  set
These data come from a study of healthy adults that included both questionnaires and cognitive
tasks. The accompanying text file is structured as follows:
Column 1 = participant ID number
Column 2 = delusional ideation (questionnaire range: 1-30; higher scores reflect greater lifetime
delusional ideation)
Column 3 = hallucination history (questionnaire range: 1-30; higher scores reflect greater lifetime
history of hallucinatory experiences)
Column 4 = pathology severity (questionnaire range: 10-100; higher scores reflect greater
psychopathology)
Column 5 = metacognition 1: perception (%; lower scores reflect poorer ability to think about one’s
perceptual states)
Column 6 = metacognition 2: memory (%; lower scores reflect poorer ability to think about one’s
memory)
Column 7 = source monitoring 1: speak vs. hear (%; higher values reflect poorer source
monitoring)
Column 8 = source monitoring 2: imagine vs. hear (%; higher values reflect poorer source
monitoring)
Input the data into SPSS to perform the subsequent analyses.
Research  questions
A team of researchers asked 180 healthy adults to complete the aforementioned set of questionnaires and cognitive tasks. The researchers were primarily interested in the cognitive variables that relate to the tendency to experience delusions and hallucinations. In addition to these two outcome measures, the other variables included a self-report scale of general psychopathology and measures of metacognition and source monitoring. In the metacognition tasks, participants had to complete a standard visual episodic memory or perception task and estimate their own performance.

The researchers sought to relate participants’ performance and their estimates of performance and thus created an outcome measure reflecting the percentage (%) correspondence between the two (higher % reflects greater correspondence or metacognition). The final two tasks measured source monitoring. In these tasks, participants had to perform one of two activities when presented with a word on a computer monitor (task 1: speak the word or listen to someone else speaking it; task 2: imagine the word being spoken or listen to someone else speaking it).

Afterwards, they were presented with a list of words and had to judge whether the word had been
spoken or heard (task 1) or imagined or heard (task 2). The researchers computed the percentage of
errors in these two tasks. All the individual data have been screened and cleaned so that there are
no missing data or miscodings; all data are normally distributed with no univariate or multivariate
outliers.

The researchers’ first question was whether they could predict delusional ideation and hallucination
history from the two measures of metacognition, two measures of source monitoring, and the single
measure of pathology severity. Carry out an analysis, or series of analyses, which will allow the
researchers to determine the answer to their first question. Briefly address whether the sample size
is suitable for this analysis (these analyses) and whether the data meet other assumptions of this
analysis (these analyses).

The researchers’ second question was motivated by the primacy of certain variables. In particular,
the authors thought that metacognition pertaining to perceptual states was more fundamental to
experiencing hallucinations than metacognition pertaining to memory. They similarly thought that
source monitoring pertaining to imagined vs. heard stimuli was more fundamental to experiencing
hallucinations than source monitoring pertaining to spoken vs. heard stimuli. Carry out an analysis,
or series of analyses, that would allow the researchers to incorporate their beliefs about the tasks
and allow them to understand the variables that predict hallucination experience.

The researchers’ third question concerned how source monitoring and metacognition relate to one
another in the prediction of hallucination experience. In particular, the researchers theorized that
metacognition for perception may underlie the relationship between source monitoring (imagined
vs. real) and hallucination history and thus that once you control for metacognition, the latter
relationship would reduce or disappear. Carry out an analysis, or series of analyses, which will
allow the researchers to determine the answer to this question.

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